Horticulture :: Vegetables:: Bhendi

Horticulture :: Vegetables:: Bhendi

Bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench.) Malvaceae Varieties MDU 1, Arka Anamika, Arka Abhay and Parbhani Kranti Hybrid Co 3, Co BhH 1 Co 1 Co 3 COBhH 1 (HYBRID) Soil It is adaptable to a wide range of soils from sandy loam to clayey loam.  Season Planting can be done during June - August and February Seed rate Varieties : 8.0 kg / ha Hybrids : 2.5 kg / ha Seed treatment Seed treatment with Tricoderma viride @ 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/ kg of seeds and again with 400 g of Azospirillum using starch as adhesive and dried in shade for 20 minutes. Sow three seeds per hill at 30 cm apart and then thin to 2 plants per hill after 10 days. Preparation of field Plough the land 4 - 5 times and apply FYM 10 kg, neem cake 1 kg, super phosphate 100 g and Furadon 10 g/sq.m during last ploughing. Form ridges and furrows at 45 cm apart. Sowing Sow three seeds per hill at 30 cm apart and then thin to 2 plants per hill after 10 days. Spacing Seeds are sown at a spacing of 45 x 30 cm. Layout and sowing for drip irrigation and fertigation Apply FYM @ 25 t / ha as basal before last ploughing. Apply 2 kg/ha of Azospirillum and 2 kg/ha Phosphobacteria by mixing with 50 kg of FYM. Apply 75 % total recommended dose of super phosphate ie 469 kg / ha as basal. Form raised beds of 120 cm width at an interval of 30 cm. Install the drip irrigation with main and sub main pipes and place lateral tubes at the centre of the each bed at an interval of 1.5 m. Place the drippers in lateral tubes at an interval of 60 cm and 50 cm spacing with 4 LPH and 3.5 LPH capacities respectively. Before planting, wet the beds using drip system for 8-12 hrs. Sowing to be done at a spacing of 90 x 45 x 45 cm in the paired row system, using ropes marked at 45 cm spacing. Spray Oxyflourfen at 0.15 kg ai / ha or Fluchloralin @ 1.0 kg ai / ha or Metolachlor @ 0.75 kg a.i / ha as pre emergence application on third day of sowing. Gap filling to be done at 7th day after transplanting. Irrigation Irrigation is done at weekly intervals. Application of Fertilizers Apply Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria each at 2 kg/ha mixed with 100 kg of FYM before sowing. Varieties Basal dose FYM @ 25 t/ha, N @ 20 kg, P @ 50 kg and K @ 30 kg/ha as basal and 20 kg N/ha at 30 days after sowing. Hybrids Basal dose FYM @ 40 t / ha, N @ 100 kg, P @ 100 kg and K @ 100 kg/ha as basal and 100 kg N / ha 30 at days after sowing. Foliar nutrition 1 % urea (10 g/l) + muriate of potash (10 g/l) on 30 and 45 days after planting.  For hybrids, foliar application of water soluble fertilizer 19-19-19 three times @ 0.5% (5 g/l) at 10 days interval from 30 days after planting. Fertigation schedule for hybrids Recommended dose: 200:100: 100 kg / ha Stage Crop stage Duration in days Fertilizer grade Total Fertilizer (kg/ha) Nutrient applied % of requirement N P K N P K 1 Sowing to plant establishment stage 10 19:19:19 +MN 13:0:45 Urea 26.30 5.50 25.65 7.50 11.10 29.48 5.00 - - 5.00 5.00 - 10.00 5.00 10.00 Subtotal 20.00 5.00 10.00 2 Flower initiation to flowering stage 30 12:61:0 13:0:45 Urea 16.39 88.88 144.52 1.97 11.55 66.48 10.00 - - - 40.00 - 30.00 10.00 30.00 Subtotal 80.00 10.00 40.00 3 Flowering to fruit set 30 19:19:19 +MN 13.0:45 Urea 26.30 55.55 103.87 5.00 7.22 47.78 5.00 - - 5.00 25.00 - 30.00 5.00 30.00 Subtotal 60.00 5.00 30.00 4 Alternate day from picking 30 12:61:0 13:0:45 Urea 8.20 44.44 72.26 0.98 5.78 33.24 5.00 - - - 20.00 - 30.00 5.00 30.00 Subtotal 40.00 5.00 20.00 Total duration 100 200.00 25.00 100.00 100 25 100 75% RD of Phosphorus applied as super phosphate = 469 kg/ha.  1. 19:19:19 = 54 kg / ha  2. 13:0:45 = 200 kg / ha  3. 12:61:0 = 25 kg / ha  4. Urea = 350 kg / ha Weed control Spray Oxyflourfen at 0.15 kg a.i./ha or Fluchloralin at 1.0 kg a.i./ha or Metolachlor at 0.75 kg a.i./ha as pre emergence application on third day after sowing.  Herbicide application should be integrated with one hand weeding on 30 days after sowing. Plant protection Pests Fruit borers Set up pheromone trap at 12 Nos./ha. Collection and destruction of affected fruits. Release of egg parasite Trichogramma at 1.0 lakh/ha. Release of 1st instar larvae of green lace wing bug Chrysoperla carnea @ 10,000/ha. Dust carbaryl 10 % DP @ 25 kg /ha or spray Bacillus thuringiensis @ 2 g/lit.or spray any one of the following insecticide Insecticide ml or g/lit, Azadirachtin 0.03% WSP (300 ppm) 5.0  g/lit Azadirachtin 5% Neem Extract Concentrate 5.0  ml/10 lit Emamectin benzoate 5 % SG 3.0 g/10 lit Phosalone 35 % EC 1.5 ml /lit Pyridalyl 10 % EC 1.0  ml/lit Quinalphos 20 % AF 1.5 ml / l. Quinalphos 25 % EC 8.0  ml/10 lit White fly and Aphids White fly and Aphids can be controlled by spraying.Dimethoate 30 EC 2 ml/lit combined with Neem Seed Kernel Extract 5 %. Leaf hopper Treat the seeds with imidacloprid 48 % FS or 70 % WS @ 7 g/kg or Thiamethoxam 70 % WS @ 2.8 g/kg of seed. Dust carbaryl 5 % DP @ 20 kg /ha or carbaryl 10 % DP @ 25 kg /ha or apply carbofuran 3 % G @ 33 kg /ha or spray any one of the following insecticide Insecticide ml or g/lit, Imidacloprid 70 % WG 0.7 g /10 lit Imidacloprid 17.8 % SL 2 ml/10 lit Thiamethoxam 25 %WG 1.0 g/10 lit Azadirachtin 0.03 % WSP 5.0 g/lit Azadirachtin 5% Neem Extract Concentrate 5.0 ml/10 lit Dimethoate 30 % EC 2.0 ml/lit Malathion 50 % EC 1.25 ml/lit Oxydemeton –Methyl 25 % EC 1.6 ml/lit Quinalphos 25 % EC 1.0 ml/lit White fly Ash weevil Ash weevil can be controlled by the application of Carbofuran 3 G @ 12 kg/ha. Nematode Application of Carbofuran 3 G 1 kg a.i /ha or Phorate 10 G 1 kg a.i./ha and Neem cake 400 kg/ha at sowing in furrows along with fertilizers. Diseases Yellow vein mosaic virus Spray systemic insecticides like Methyl demeton or Dimethoate @ 2 ml / l to kill the insect vector, whitefly.   Yellow vein mosaic virus Powdery mildew Dust Sulphur 25 kg/ha or spray Dinocap 2 ml/lit or Tridemorph 0.5 ml/lit or Carbendazim 1 g/lit or Wettable sulphur 2 g/lit immediately after noticing the disease and repeat after 15 days or four sprays of Triademephon (0.5%) at 10 days interval from 30 days after sowing. Harvest Harvesting can be done 45 days after planting. Fruits are harvested in tender stage at 1 – 2 days intervals. Yield 12 - 15 t/ha Market information Crop Growing districts Vellore, Salem, Coimbatore, Dindigul Major markets in Tamil Nadu Periyar Vegetable Market Koyambedu, Chennai Gandhi Market, Oddanchathiram Natchipalayam vegetable market, Coimbatore Grade Specification Light green or dark green, hairy or tender smooth surface, 5-ridged and remain tender for a longer period, medium length. IPM practices Package for Bhendi Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride (4g/kg) and Pseudomonas (10 g/ kg) Soil application of Pseudomonas and Trichoderma (each2.5kg/ha) Soil application with Neem cake @250 kg/ha Maize as border crop against movement of whiteflies/ Liriomyza Use of yellow sticky traps Periodical removal of yellow vein mosaic virus infected plants Helicoverpa and Earias adult monitoring with pheromone traps Trichogramma release after each brood emergence of Helicoverpa and Earias Application of Neem oil formulations 10000ppm @1% / Neem seed kernel extract (5%)