Horticulture :: Vegetables:: Chilli

Horticulture :: Vegetables:: Chilli

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Solanaceae Varieties K 1, K 2, CO 2, CO 4 (vegetable type), PKM 1, PMK 1 (for semi-dry conditions in Southern Districts), PLR1 (for coastal regions of North - East Tamil Nadu) and KKM (Ch) 1. Hybrids TNAU Chilli Hybrid CO 1 K 1 K 2 Co 1 Co 2 Co 3 Co 4 KKM (Ch) 1 PKM 1 PKM 2 Soil Well drained loamy soils rich in organic matter with pH range 6.5-7.5. Season of sowing 1. January - February 2. June - July 3. September- October Seed rate Varieties: 1.0 kg / ha. Hybrids: 200 - 250 g / ha. Nursery area: 100 sq.m / ha. Seed treatment Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride @ 4 g / kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/ kg and sow in lines spaced at 10 cm in raised nursery beds and cover with sand. Watering with rose can has to be done daily. Drench the nursery with Copper oxychloride @ 2.5 g/l of water at 15 days interval against damping off disease. Apply Carbofuran 3 G at 10 g/sq.m. at sowing. Protected nursery Prepare the nursery area of 3 cents with slanting slope of 2 % for the seedling production to cover 1 ha. Cover the nursery area with 50 % shade net and cover the sides using 40 / 50 mesh insect proof nylon net. Form raised beds of 1 m width and convenient length and place HDPV pipes at 2m interval for further protection with polythene sheets during rainy months. Mix sterilized cocopeat @ 300 kg with 5 kg neem cake along with Azospirillum and phosphobacteria each @ 1 kg. Approximately 1.2 kg of cocopeat is required for filling one protay. 300 protrays (98 cells) are required for the production of 29,000 seedlings, which are required for one hectare adopting a spacing of 90 x 60 x 45 cm in a paired row system. Sow the treated seed in protrays @ 1 seed per cell. Cover the seed with cocopeat and keep the trays one above the other and cover with a polythene sheet till germination starts. After 6 days place the protrays with germinated seedlings individually on the raised beds inside the shade net. Water with rose can everyday upto seed germination. Drench with 19:19:19 @ 0.5% (5g/l) at 18 days after sowing. Field preparation Thoroughly prepare the field with the addition of FYM @ 25 t/ ha and form ridges and furrows at a spacing of 60 cm. Apply 2 kg/ha of Azospirillum and 2 kg / ha of Phosphobacteria by mixing with 20 kg of FYM. Irrigate the furrows and transplant 40-45 days old seedlings, with the ball of earth on the ridges. Spacing Varieties : 60 x 45 cm Hybrids : 75 x 60 cm Weed control Apply Pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i. / ha or Fluchloralin 1.0 kg a.i. / ha as pre-emergece herbicide followed by hand weeding once 30 days after planting. Irrigation Irrigate is done at weekly intervals. Layout and planting for drip irrigation and fertigation Apply FYM @ 25 t / ha as basal before last ploughing. Apply 2 kg / ha of Azospirillum and 2 kg/ha Phosphobacteria by mixing with 20 kg of FYM. Apply 75 % total recommended dose of superphosphate i.e. 375 kg / ha as basal. Install the drip irrigation with main and sub main pipes and place lateral tubes at an interval of 1.5 m. Place the drippers in lateral tubes at an interval of 60 cm and 50 cm spacing with 4 LPH and 3.5 LPH capacities respectively. Form raised beds of 120 cm width at an interval of 30 cm and place the laterals at the centre of the each bed. Before planting wet the beds using drip system for 8-12 hrs. Planting to be done at a spacing of 90 x 60 x 45 cm in the paired row system, using ropes marked at 60 cm spacing. Spray Pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i. / ha or Fluchloralin 1.0 kg a.i / ha as pre-emergence herbicide at 3rd day after planting. Gap filling to be done at 7th day after transplanting. Manuring Varieties Basal dose : FYM 25 t/ha, NPK 30:60:30 kg/ ha.                     Potassium as K2SO4 for quality improvement. Application of potassium in the form of  potassium sulphate will increase quality of chilli. Top dressing : 30 kg N/ha in equal splits on 30, 60 and 90 days after planting. Hybrids Basal dose : FYM 30 t / ha, NPK 30:80:80 kg / ha. Top dressing : 30 kg N / ha in equal splits on 30, 60 and 90 days after planting. Fertigation schedule CHILLI F1 HYBRID Recommended Dose: 120:80:80 kg / ha Stage Crop stage Duration in days Fertilizer grade Total Fertilizer (kg/ha) Nutrient supplied % requirement N P K N P K 1 Transplanting to plant establishment stage 10 19:19:19 MN 13:0:45 Urea 21.05 8.88 14.86 4.00 1.15 6.83 4.00 - - 4.00 3.98 - 10.00 5.00 10.00 Subtotal 11.98 4.00 7.98 2 Flower initiation to flowering 30 12:61:0 13:0:45 Urea 13.11 71.04 80.72 1.57 9.24 37.13 8.00 - - - 31.97 - 30.00 10.00 20.00 Subtotal 47.94 8.00 31.97 3 Flowering set to fruit picking 30 19:19:19 13.0:45 Urea 21.05 44.40 56.91 4.00 5.77 26.18 4.00 - - 4.00 19.98 30.00 5.00 20.00 Subtotal 35.95 4.00 23.98 4 Alternate day from picking 8 12:61:0 13:0:45 Urea 6.52 35.52 40.38 0.75 4.62 18.57 3.81 - - - 15.98 - 30.00 5.00 50.00 Subtotal 23.94 3.81 15.98 119.81 (or) 120.00 19.81 (or) 20.00 79.91 (or) 80.00 100.00 25.00 100.00 75% RD of Phosporous applied as superphosphate = 375 kg / ha 1. 19:19:19 = 42 kg/ha 2. 13:0:45 = 160 kg/ha 3. 12:61:0 = 20 kg/ha 4. Urea = 193 kg/ha Effect of Endo root soluble and Mycorrhizae on Chilli Apply 250g of Endo Roots Soluble in two splits doses at 15 DAT and 45 DAT along with 100 % N and K and 50% P for higher yield and saving of Phosphorous. Apply 250g of Mycorrhiza in two splits at transplanting and 30 DAT along with 100% N and K and 50% P for higher yield and saving of Phosphorous. Growth regulators Spray Triacontanol @ 1.25 ml/l on 20, 40, 60 and 80th day of planting. Spray NAA 10 ppm (10 mg/l of water) on 60 and 90 days after planting to increase fruit set. Micronutrient spray Foliar spray of Zn SO4 @ 0.5 per cent thrice at 10 days interval from 40 days after planting. Spray 19:19:19 + Mn @ 1 % at 60 days after planting. Weed control Spray Fluchloralin @ 1 lit a.i/ha or Pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i/ ha. or Oxyflourfen @ 0.15 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence herbicide and may be combined with hand weeding once and earthing up 45 days after planting. Raise intercrop of onion in paired row system to get additional income. Intercropping The intercrops like onion and coriander can be grown for getting additional income. It can also help to control the weed population. Intercropping with onion Plant protection Pests Fruit borer Integrated pest management of fruit borer: Set up pheromone traps for Helicoverpa armigera or Spodoptera litura at 12 Nos./ha. Collection and destruction of damaged fruits and grown up caterpillars. Spray Bacillus thuringiensis at 2 g/lit. Provide poison bait with carbaryl 1.25 kg, rice bran 12.5 kg, jaggery 1.25 kg and water 7.5 lit/ha or spray any one of the following insecticide Insecticide Dose Emamectin benzoate 5 % SG 4 g/10 lit. Fipronil 5 % SC 2.0 ml /lit. Flubendiamide 20 WDG 6.0 g /10 lit. Flubendiamide 480 SC   2.5 ml /lit Indoxacarb 14.5 % SC 6.5 ml/10 lit. Novaluron 10 % EC 7.5 ml/10 lit. Spinosad 45 % SC 3.2 ml/10 lit. Thiodicarb 75 % WP 2.0 g/lit. Helicoverpa armigera infested pods Spodoptera litura infestaion Thrips Grow Agathi as Intercrop Treat seeds with imidacloprid 70% WS @ 12 g /kg of seed Apply carbofuran 3% G @ 33 kg /ha or phorate 10 % G  @ 10 kg/ha or spray any one of the following insecticide Insecticide Dose Imidacloprid 17.8 % SL 3.0 ml/10 lit. Dimethoate 30 % EC 1.0 ml/lit. Emamectin benzoate 5 % SG 4 g/10 lit. Ethion 50 % EC 2.0 ml/lit. Fipronil 5 % SC 1.5 ml/lit. Oxydemeton –Methyl 25 % EC 1.0 ml/lit. Phosalone 35 % EC 2.0 ml/lit. Spinosad 45 % SC 3.2 ml/10 lit. Thiacloprid 21.7 % SC 6.0 ml/10 lit. Aphids Treat seeds with imidacloprid 70% WS @12 g /kg of seed. Apply phorate 10 % G @ 10 kg/ha or spray any one of the following insecticide Insecticide Dose Carbosulfan 25 % EC 1.0 ml/lit. Fipronil 5 % SC 1.0 ml/lit. Imidacloprid 17.8 % SL 3.5 ml/10 lit. Oxydemeton –Methyl 25% EC 1.6 ml/lit. Phosalone 35 % EC 2.0 ml/lit. Quinalphos 25 % Gel 1.0 ml/lit. Quinalphos 25 % EC 1.0 ml/lit. Yellow Muranai mite Apply phorate 10 % G @ 10 kg/ha or spray any one of the following insecticide Insecticide Dose Buprofezin 25 % SC 8.0 ml/10 lit. Diafenthiuron 50 % WP 8.0 g/10 lit. Dimethoate 30 % EC 1.0 ml/lit. Ethion 50 % EC 2.0 ml/lit. Fenazaquin 10 % EC 2.0 ml/lit. Fenpyroximate 5 % EC 1.0 ml/lit. Hexythiazox 5.45 % EC 8.0 ml/10 lit. Milbemectin 1 % EC 6.5 ml/10 lit. Oxydemeton –Methyl 25 % EC 2.0 ml/lit. Phosalone 35 % EC 1.3 ml/lit. Propargite 57 % EC 2.5 ml/lit. Quinalphos 25 % EC 1.5 ml/lit. Spiromesifen 22.9 % SC 5.0 ml/10 lit. Root knot nematode Apply TNAU formulation of VAM (containing 1 spore/g) to control root knot nematode in nursery. Diseases Damping off Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g/kg of seed 24 hours before sowing. Apply Pseudomonas fluorescens as soil application @ 2.5 kg/ha mixed with 50 kg of FYM.  Water stagnation should be avoided and drench with Copper oxychloride at 2.5 g/lit at 4 lit/sq.m Leaf spot Leaf spot can be controlled by spraying Mancozeb 2 g/lit or Copper oxychloride 2.5 g/lit.                      Cercospora leafspot in chilli                             Powdery mildew Powdery mildew can be spraying Wettable sulphur 3 g/lit or Carbendazim 1 g/lit. Totally 3 sprays are required at 15 days interval from the first appearance of symptom. Powdery mildew in chilli Die-back and fruit rot Spray Mancozeb 2 g/lit or Copper oxychloride 2.5 g/lit. thrice at 15 days interval starting from noticing the die-back symptoms. Anthracnose Use of disease-free seeds Treat the seeds with T. viride 4 g/kg or P. fluorescens 10 g / kg of seed 24 hours before sowing Spray Mancozeb 2 g/lit or Copper oxychloride 2.5 g/lit thrice at 15 days interval starting from noticing the die-back symptoms Anthracnose in chilli Chilli mosaic Raise 2 rows of maize or sorghum for every 5 rows of chilli crop against wind direction. Recommendations given for aphids may be adopted for controlling the vector. Chilli mosaic Harvest Harvesting can be done 75 days after transplanting. First two picking yield green chilli and subsequently yield red ripe fruits. Yield Varieties : 2 - 3 t/ha of dry pods or 10 - 15 t/ha of green chillies. Hybrids : 25 t / ha of green chillies. Market information Crop Growing districts Ramanathapuram (samba), Thoothukudi (gundu), Sivagangai (samba), Virudhunagar (samba), Tirunelveli (samba) Major markets in Tamil Nadu Virudhunagar, Chennai, Ramanad, Paramkudi, Thoothukudi Grade Specification i) Dry Chilli  Well dried -12 % moisture  Big size  Bright red colour without white chillies  Uniform size  Length - 1.5-2 inches ii) Green Chilli  Pungency