Horticulture :: Vegetables:: Brinjal

Horticulture :: Vegetables:: Brinjal

Brinjal Solanum melongena L. Solanaceae Varieties Co 1, Co 2, MDU 1, PKM 1, PLR 1,PLR (B) 2, KKM 1, PPI 1, Annamalai COBH 1 and COBH 2 Soil Well drained soil rich in organic matter with pH of 6.5-7.5. Season of Sowing December – January and May – June. Nursery bed preparation  Apply FYM 10 kg, neem cake 1 kg, VAM 50 g, enriched super phosphate 100 g and furadon 10 g per square metre before sowing. Area required for raising seedling for planting 1.0 ha is 100 sq.m. Seed rate             Varieties : 400 g / ha             Hybrids : 200 g / ha Seed treatment Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride @ 4 g / kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g / kg of seed. Treat the seeds with Azospirillum @ 40 g / 400 g of seeds using rice gruel as adhesive. Irrigate with rose can. In raised nursery beds, sow the seeds in lines at 10 cm apart and cover with sand. Transplant the seedlings 30 – 35 days after sowing at 60 cm apart in the ridges. Protected nursery Prepare the nursery area of 3 cents with slanting slope of 2 % for the seedling production to cover 1 ha. Cover the nursery area with 50 % shade net and cover the sides using 40 / 50 mesh insect proof nylon net. Form raised beds of 1 m width and convenient length and place HDPV pipes at 2m interval for further protection with polythene sheets during rainy months. Mix sterilized cocopeat @ 300 kg with neem cake 5 kg along with Azospirillum and phosphobacteria each @ 1 kg. Approximately 1.2 kg of cocopeat is required for filling one protray. 200 protrays are required for the production of 18,700 seedlings, which is required for one hectare adopting a spacing of 90 x 60 x 75 cm in paired row system. Sow the treated seeds in protrays @ 1 seed per cell. Cover the seed with cocopeat and keep the trays one above the other and cover with a polythene sheet till germination starts. After 6 days, place the protrays with germinated seeds individually on the raised beds inside the shade net. Water with rose-can everyday and drench with 19:19:19 @ 0.5% (5g/l) at 18 days after sowing. Field preparation Thoroughly prepare the field with the addition of FYM @ 25 t / ha and form ridges and furrows at a spacing of 60 cm. Apply 2 kg / ha of Azospirillum and 2 kg / ha of Phosphobacteria by mixing with 50 kg of FYM. Irrigate the furrows and transplant 30-35 days old seedlings at 60 cm apart on the ridges. Spacing             Varieties : 60 x 60 cm             Hybrids : 90 x 60 cm Mulching Mulch with black LDPE sheets of 25 micron thickness and bury both the ends into the soil to a depth of 10 cm. Weed control Apply Pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i. / ha or Fluchloralin 1.0 kg a.i / ha as pre-emergence herbicide, followed by hand weeding once at 30 days after planting. Irrigation After establishment of seedlings, irrigate at weekly intervals. Layout and planting for drip irrigation and fertigation Apply FYM @ 25 t / ha as basal dose before last ploughing. Apply 2 kg/ha of Azospirillum and 2 kg/ha Phosphobacteria by mixing with 50 kg of FYM. Apply 75 % total recommended dose of superphosphate i.e. 703 kg / ha as basal. Install the drip irrigation with main and sub main pipes and place lateral tubes at an interval of 1.5 m. Place the drippers in lateral tubes at an interval of 60 cm and 50 cm spacing with 4 LPH and 3.5 LPH capacities respectively. Form raised beds of 120 cm width at an interval of 30 cm and place the laterals at the centre of the each bed. Before planting, wet the beds using drip system for 8-12 hrs. Planting to be done at a spacing of 90x60x75 cm in the paired row system, using ropes marked at 75 cm spacing. Spray Pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i./ha or Fluchloralin 1.0 kg a.i/ha as pre-emergence herbicide at 3rd day after planting. Gap filling to be done at 7th day after transplanting. Manuring  Apply 2 kg each of Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria in the main field at planting. Varieties Basal dose : FYM 25 t/ha, NPK 50:50:30 kg/ ha. Top dressing : 50 kg N/ha on 30th day of planting or during earthing up. Hybrids Basal dose : FYM 25 t/ha, NPK 100:150:100 kg/ha. Top dressing : 100 kg N/ha on 30th day of planting or during earthing up. Fertigation schedule for hybrids Recommended dose: 200:150: 100 kg / ha Stage Crop stage Duration in days Fertilizer grade Total Fertilizer (kg/ha) Nutrient applied % of requirement N P K N P K 1 Transplanting to plant establishment stage 10 19:19:19 +MN 13:0:45 Urea 39.47 5.50 25.65 7.50 0.70 11.80 7.50 - - 7.50 2.50 - 10.00 5.00 10.00 Subtotal 20.00 7.50 10.00 2 Vegetative stage 30 12:61:0 13:0:45 Urea 24.50 88.89 142.4 2.94 11.56 65.50 15.00 - - 40.00 - - 40.00 10.00 40.00 Subtotal 80.00 15.00 40.00 3 Flower initiation to first picking 30 19:19:19 +MN 13.0:45 Urea 39.47 50.00 100.00 7.50 6.50 46.00 7.50 - - 7.50 22.50 - 30.00 5.00 30.00 Subtotal 60.00 7.50 30.00 4 Harvesting 80 12:61:0 13:0:45 Urea 12.30 44.40 71.13 1.48 5.80 32.72 7.50 - - - 20.00 - 20.00 5.00 20.00 Subtotal 40.00 7.50 20.00 200.00 37.50 100.0 0 100 25 100 75% RD of Phosphorus applied as superphosphate = 703 kg / ha.  1. 19:19:19 = 79 kg / ha  2. 13:0:45 = 189 kg/ ha  3. 12:61:0 = 37 kg / ha  4. Urea = 340 kg / ha Growth regulators Spray 2 ppm (1 ml in 500 lit) Triacontanol plus Sodium Borate or Borax 35 mg/l of water 15 days after transplanting and at the time of full bloom to increase the yield. After cultivation Hand weeding, top dressing and earthing up on 30th day of planting. Plant protection Pests Shoot & fruit borer Remove the affected terminal shoot showing boreholes. Remove the affected fruits and destroy. Avoid using synthetic pyrethroids. Spray Neem Seed Kernel Extract 5 % or any one of the following chemicals starting from one month after planting at 15 days interval. Insecticide Dose Azadirachtin 1.0% EC (10000 ppm) 3.0 ml/lit. Azadirachtin 0.03 % WSP (300 ppm) 5.0 g/lit. Chlorpyrifos 20 % EC 1.0 ml/lit. Dimethoate 30 % EC 7.0 ml/10 lit. Emamectin benzoate 5 % SG 4 g/10 lit. Flubendiamide 20 WDG 7.5 g/10 lit. Phosalone 35 % EC 1.5 ml/lit. Quinalphos 20 % AF 1.7ml/ lit. Quinalphos 25 % EC 1.5 ml/lit. Thiodicarb 75 % WP 2.0 g/lit. Thiometon 25 % EC 1.0 ml/lit. Trichlorofon 50 % EC 1.0 ml/lit. Triazophos 40 % EC 2.5 ml/lit.     Shoot and fruit borer Nematode and Damping off disease Seed treatment with antagonistic fungi viz. Trichoderma harzianum 4 g/kg seed and T. viride 4 g/kg seed along with application of press mud at 5 kg/m2 or Carbofuran 3 G 10 g/m2. Application of Carbofuran 3 G at 10 g/sq.m at the time of sowing. Apply Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/m2 at the time of sowing to control root knot nematode and damping off disease. Epilachna beetle Collect the beetles, grubs, pupae and destroy. Spray any one of the following insecticide.   Insecticide Dose Azadirachtin 0.03 % WSP (300 ppm) 5.0 g/lit. Quinalphos 20 % AF 1.7 ml/lit.  Triazophos 40 % EC 2.5 ml/lit. Whitefly Monitor the whitefly with yellow sticky trap at 12 Nos./ha.  Spray Neem oil 3% + Teepol (1 ml/lit) or spray Neem Seed Kernel Extract 5 %. Insecticide Dose Diafenthiuron 50 % WP 8.0 g/10 lit. Phosphamidon 40 % SL 1.5 ml/lit. Thiamethoxam 25 % WG 4.0 g/10 lit. Ash Weevil Apply Carbofuran 3 G at 15 kg/ha at 15 days after planting. Ash weevil Aphid Release 1st instar larvae of Green lace wing bug (Chrysoperla carnea) @ 10,000 Nos./ha. Apply phorate 10 % G @ 15 kg /ha or spray any one of the following insecticide Insecticide Dose Phosphamidon 40 % SL 1.5 ml/lit. Thiometon 25 % EC 1.0 ml/lit. Red Spider mite Apply phorate 10 % G @15 kg /ha or spray any one of the following insecticide Insecticide Dose Dicofol 18.5 % SC 2.0 ml/lit. Spiromesifen 22.9 % SC 8.0 ml/10 lit. Diseases Damping off Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g /kg of seed 24 hours before sowing. Apply Pseudomonas fluorescens as soil application @ 2.5 kg/ha mixed with 50 kg of FYM.  Water stagnation should be avoided. Drench with Copper oxychloride at 2.5 g/lit at 4 lit/sq.m Leaf Spot Leaf spot can be controlled by spraying Mancozeb 2 g/lit. Little Leaf Remove the affected plants in the early stages and spray Methyl demeton 30 EC @ 1.0 ml/lit. to control the vector. Little leaf Harvest Harvest can be done 55 – 60 days after transplanting. Fruits are harvested at tender stage at 4 – 5 days intervals. Yield Varieties:25 to 30 t/ha Hybrids:60 - 80 t/ha Market information Crop Growing districts Vellore, Salem, Krishnagiri, Dindigul, Coimbatore Major markets in Tamil Nadu Ottanchatram, Dindigul, Tirunelveli, Tuticorin and Nagercoil Grade Specification Colour, Size, Glossy, smooth and tender. Colour: light purple or dark purple, green, purple coloured with white stripes. Size: 25-30 cm long, oblong or round. IPM Package for Brinjal Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride (4g/kg) and Pseudomonas @ 10 g/ kg of seed Nursery + seedling dip treatment with Pseudomonas @ 10 g/ lit of water Soil application with Neem cake @250 kg/ha Maize as boarder crop against movement of whiteflies/ Liriomyza Use of yellow sticky traps against White flies and Liriomyza Clipping of shoot borer infested terminals Leucinodes adult monitoring with pheromone traps Trichogramma release after each brood emergence of Leucinodes Application of Neem oil formulations 10000ppm @1% / Neem seed kernel extract (5%) Source 1. http://susveg-asia.nri.org/susvegasiabrinjalipm4.html 2. http://susveg-asia.nri.org/images/svcorkipmb5.JPG 3. http://susveg-asia.nri.org/images/svcorkipmb18.JPG 4. http://susveg-asia.nri.org/images/svcorkipmb16.JPG