Crop Production :: Wheat

Crop Production :: Wheat

WHEAT (Triticum aestivum.)

		Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal
		Directorate of Wheat Development

CROP IMPROVEMENT

SEASON AND VARIETY

Suitable districts

Plains & adjoining areas near to hills and hills in Theni, Dindigul, Karur, Coimbatore, Erode, Salem, Dharmapuri, Vellore, Thiruvannamalai and Kancheepuram Districts

Season

Ideal sowing time is 15th October to 1st week of November. Sowing must be completed within the first fortnight of November.

Variety : COW(W)1, TNAU Samba Wheat COW 2

2.  Morphological Description of COW(W) 1 and TNAU Samba Wheat COW

Particulars	COW (W) 1	COW (W) 2
Parentage	HD2646/HW2002A/CPAN3057	Mutant of NP 200
Duration (days)	85-90	110
Grain yield (Kg /ha)	2364	4040
Stem	Erect	Erect to semi erect
Height (cm)	73 – 78	75-80 cm
Tillers	5-6	10-12
Days to 50% flowering	50 days	73 days
Ear size and shape	Fusiform ears	Long & slightly tappering
Grain colour	Amber	Raddish
1000 grains weight (g)	37	41
Special features	Non lodging, non shattering; tolerance to stem and leaf rust ; suitable for chappathi and bread making.	Resistant to rust, heat tolerant

Wheat - COW (W) 1

TNAU - Samba Wheat COW2

CROP MANAGEMENT

1. FIELD PREPARATION

Plough twice with an iron plough and two to three times with cultivator and prepare the land to a fine tilth.

2. APPLICATION OF FYM OR COMPOST

Spread 12.5 t/ha of FYM or compost on the unploughed field.

3. SEED TREATMENT WITH FUNGICIDES

Treat the seeds with Carbendazim or Thiram at 2 g/kg of seeds 24 hours before sowing.

4. FORMING BEDS AND CHANNEL

Form beds of size 10 m2 or 20 m2. The irrigation channels are to be provided sufficiently. 

5. APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS

• Apply NPK fertilizer as per soil test recommendation as far as possible. If soil test recommendation is not available, adopt a blanket recommendation of 80:40:40 NPK kg/ha.
• Apply half of N and full dose of P2O and K2O5 basally before sowing and incorporate in the sowing line. 
  

SEED RATE: 100 kg/ha

6. SOWING

Draw the lines 20 cm apart and sow the seeds continuously after application of fertilizers to a depth of 5 cm. Avoid deep sowing.

7. WEED MANAGEMENT

• Spray Isoproturon 800 g/ha as pre-emergence spraying 3 days after sowing followed by one hand weeding on 35th day after sowing.
• If herbicide is not applied, give two hand weedings on 20th and 35th day after sowing.

8. WATER MANAGEMENT

The crop requires 4 - 6 irrigations depending on the soil type and rainfall. Wheat crop requires minimum of 5 irrigations at the following critical stages.
            I – Immediately after sowing
            II – Crown root intiation : 15-20 DAS
            III- Active tillering stage : 35-40 DAS
            IV- Flowering stage        : 50-55 DAS
            V- Grain filling stage      : 70-75 DAS
            Crown root initiation and flowering are the most critical stages. Water stagnation should be voided at the time of germination.

9. TOP DRESSING

 Apply remaining half of N at crown root initiation stage (15-20 DAS).

10. HARVESTING

Harvest the crop when the grains become hard and straw becomes dry and brittle. Trash and winnow the grains. Use mechanical threshers to reduce the cost of threshing and winnowing.

11. CROP PROTECTION

Seed treatment: Treat the seed with any one of the following fungicides Carbendazim @ 2 g/kg of seed, Thiram @ 2 g/kg of seed or Carboxin @ 2 g/kg of seed.

12. POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY IN WHEAT

Wheat is used principally for human consumption. It is converted into flour for the production of bread and other bakery products. It is used as “chapatti” (unleavened pan baked bread) in India. Wheat belongs to the genus Triticum and there are over 30,000 species and varieties. The principal wheats of commerce are the common or bread wheat (T.aestivum); macaroni wheat (T.durum) and club wheat (T.compactum).

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