Crop Production :: Pulses :: Greengram

Crop Production :: Pulses :: Greengram
GREENGRAM ( Vigna radiata L. )      CROP IMPROVEMENT    I. SEASON AND VARIETIES District/Season Varieties Adipattam (June - July) All districts except Kanyakumari and Nilgiris Co 6, Co(Gg) 7, VBN 2, VBN(Gg) 3 Vellore and Thiruvannamalai VRM(Gg) 1, Puratasipattam (September - October) Kanchipuram, Tiruvallur, Dharmapuri, Vellore, Co 6, VBN(Gg) 2, VBN(Gg) 3 Tiruvannamalai, Salem, Namakkal, Cuddalore, Villupuram, Thiruchirapalli, Perumbalur, Erode, Coimbatore, Madurai, Dindigul, Theni, Pudukottai, Pudukkottai, Sivagangi, Ramanthapuram, Virudhunagar, Thothukudi and Thirunelveli VRM(Gg) 1 Vellore and Tiruvannamalai, Margazhi-Thai Pattam (December – January) All districts except Kanyakumari and Nilgiris VBN(Gg) 2, VBN(Gg)3 Rice fallows (January - February) Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Cuddalore, ADT 3 Summer (February - March) Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Cuddalore, Co 6, VBN(Gg) 3 Villupuram, Tiruchirapalli, Perambalur, Thiruvallur, Kanchipuram DESCRIPTION OF GREENGRAM VARIETIES Particulars KM 2 CO 4 ADT 3 Paiyur 1 VBN 1 K 1 Parentage Hybrid deri­vative of No.127xS.9 Mutant of CO 1 Hybrid deri­vative of H70-16/ Rajendran/ G65 PS from DPT 703 Hybrid deri­vative of S.8xPIMS 3 Co 4 x ML 65 Year of release 1978 1981 1988 1988 1989 1998 50% flowering (days) Duration (days) Grain yield (kg/ha)  Rainfed 35 - 40 65 - 70 767 40 – 45 85 910 36 66 500 45 - 50 85 – 90 742 30 - 35 65 770 70 - 75 - 670 Irrigated Plant height (cm) Stem, branches etc. Branches .. 35 - 45 Green stem - 1550 60 - 70 Green stem 3 – 4 500 (Rice fallows) 35 – 45 Green stem 2 – 3 - 5 5- 60 Green 3 – 4 .. 55 - 60 Green sparsely hairy 2 – 3 70 - 75 Green, slightly Pubescent 3 - 4 Leaves Medium  Broad tripartate and hairy Medium broad, Petiole long Broad Medium, foliate, ovate Broad Pod characters Dark brown and tip covered Green when tender & black on drying Dark brown Dull green Sparsely hairy , light black pods Long and slightly pubescent, brown Colour of grain Shiny green Dull green Green Dull Green Green Dull green 100 grain wt (g) 3.0 4.1 2 - 3 3 - 5 3.6 3.5 Particulars CO 6 VRM(Gg) 1 VBN(Gg) 2 Parentage WGG 37 x CO 5 Pure line selection from K 851 Cross derivative of VGG 4 x MH 309 Year of release 1999 2001 2001 50% flowering (days) 26 – 30 31 – 35 30 – 35 Duration (days) 62 – 67 56 – 67 65 – 70 Grain yield (kg/ha) Rainfed 900 1100 750 Irrigated Plant height (cm) 1050 35 - 55 - 45 – 55 900 50 – 60 Leaves Colour of pod Colour of grain 100 grain wt (g) Broad Pubescent Green with smooth surface 3 .4 Broad Pubescent Shiny green bold and smooth surface 3.5 Trifoliate with lobes Sparsly hairy pods Shiny green 3.6 – 3.9 Particulars VBN (Gg) 3 VRM (Gg) 2 Co (Gg) 7 ADT 3 Parentage CO 1 x Vellore local Pure selection from KM851 MGG336 x CoGG 902 H7016 x Rajendran G65 Year of release 2009 2001 2006 1988 Duration (days) 65-75 60-70 60 - 65 66 Plant height(cm) 35-55 - 30 - 45 35- 45 100 grain wt (g) 2.8-3.5 - 3.5 – 4.0 2.3 Grain yield (kg/ha) Rainfed 775 1100 978 500 kg/ha (Rice fallow) Irrigated 878   - - Pod Colour at maturity Brown Black Brown   Special features Moderately resistant to powdery mildew and Yellow mosaic Indeterminate flowering Moderatly resistant to yellow mosaic virus High protein content (25.2%), High seed weight and synchronized maturity Suitable only for Rice fallow and Margazhi pattam MANAGEMENT OF FIELD OPERATIONS 1. FIELD PREPARATION Prepare the land to get fine tilth and form beds and channels. Amendments for soil surface crusting: To tide over the soil surface crusting apply lime at the rate of 2 t/ha along with FYM at 12.5 t/ha or composted coir pith at 12.5 t/ha to get an additional yield of about 15 - 20%. SEED RATE Particulars Quantity of seed required kg/ha Pure crop Mixed crop All strains 20 10 Rice fallows - ADT 3 30 -- Optimum plant population 3,25,000/ha. Source: http://dacnet.nic.in/pulses/gallery1.htm 2. SEED TREATMENT Treat the seeds with Carbendazim or Thiram @ 2 g/kg of seed 24 hours before sowing (or) with talc formulation of Trichoderma viride @ 4g/kg of seed (or) Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg seed. Bio control agents are compatible with biofertilizers. First treat the seeds with Biocontrol agents and then with Rhizobium. Fungicides and biocontrol agents are incompatible. 3. SEED TREATMENT WITH BIOFERTILIZER Treat the seeds with one packet (200 g/ha) of Rhizobial culture CRM 6 and one packet (200 g/ha) of Phosphobacteria one packet (200 g/ha) of PGPR developed at TNAU using rice kanji as binder. If the seed treatment is not carried out apply 10 packets (2 kg) of Phosphobacteria and 10 packets (2 kg) of PGPR with 25 kg of FYM and 25 kg of soil before sowing. 4. FERTILIZER APPLICATION Apply fertilizers basally before sowing.    Rainfed  : 12.5 kg N + 25 kg P2O5 + 12.5 kg K2O +10 kg S*/ha    Irrigated : 25 kg N + 50 kg P2O5 + 25 kg K2O + 20 kg S*/ha *Note : Applied in the form of gypsum if Single Super Phospate is not applied as a source of phosphorus Soil application of 25 kg ZnSo4/ha under irrigated condition    Soil application of 25 kg ZnSo4/ha under irrigated condition Soil application of TNAU micronutrient mixture @ 5 kg/ha as Enriched FYM (Prepare enriched FYM at 1:10 ratio of MN mixture & FYM ; mix at friable moisture &incubate for one month in shade). Multi-blooming technology for irrigated green gram in new delta region of Thanjavur For higher yield and income, apply 25:50:25:20 kg NPKS/ha.+25 kg N/ha. in 3 equal splits on 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing + 2% DAP spray on 45 and 60 days after sowing. Foliar spray of 1% urea for yield improvement in green gram For yield improvement through increasing the physiological, biochemical attributes, foliar spray of urea 1% on 30 and 45 days after sowing is recommended. For rice fallow pulses in Delta area, the present recommendation of foliar spray of 2% DAP may be continued. Economizing the use of micronutrients through seed treatment for greengram Seed coating with biofertilizers and micronutrients viz., Zn, Mo & Co @ 4,1,0.5 g/kg of seed is recommended. 5. SOWING Dibble the seeds adopting a spacing of 30 x 10 cm.  For bund crop dibble the seeds at 30 cm spacing.                                                                  Thinning operation 6. WATER MANAGEMENT Irrigate immediately after sowing, followed by life irrigation on the third day. Irrigate at intervals of 7to 10 days depending upon soil and climatic conditions. Flowering and pod formation stages are critical periods when irrigation is a must. Avoid water stagnation at all stages. . Apply KCl at 0.5 per cent as foliar spray during vegetative stage if there is moisture stress. 7. SPRAYING OF DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE OR UREA,  NAA AND SALICYLIC ACID a.     Foliar spray of Spray of NAA 40 mg/litre and Salicylic acid 100 mg/litre once at pre-flowering and another at 15 days thereafter b.     i)  For rice fallow crops, foliar spray of DAP 20 g/litre once at flowering and another at 15 days            thereafter        ii)  For irrigated and rainfed crops foliar spray of DAP 20 g/litre or urea 20 g/litres once at flowering and another at 15 days thereafter. 8. WEED MANAGEMENT Pre emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 3.3 litres per hectare under irrigated condition or 2.5 litres per hectare under rainfed condition on 3 days after sowing using Backpack/ Knapsack/Rocker sprayer fitted with flat fan nozzle using 500 litres of water for spraying one ha. After this, one hand weeding on 30th days after sowing gives weed free environment throughout the crop period (or) EPOE application of quizalofop ethyl @ 50 g ai/ha-1 and imazethapyr @ 50 g ai ha-1 on 15 – 20 DAS. If herbicide is not applied give two hand weedings on 15 and 30 days after sowing. 9. MULTI BLOOM TECHNOLOGY A special technology being practiced in Pattukottai block of Tanjore district for blackgram and greengram. The soil is alluvial and rich in organic matter and nutrients. The crop is sown during early summer (Jan.-Feb.) as  normal crop and fertilizer is applied as per the recommendation for irrigated crop. In addition to that, top dressing of Nitrogen is done with an extra dose of 25 to 30 kg through urea. Since pulses are indeterminate growth habit and continue to produced new flushes, the top dressing will be done on 40-45 days after sowing. The crop complete its first flushes of matured pods during 60-65th day and put further second new flush within 20-25 days. Therefore two flushes of pods can be harvested at a time within the duration of 100 days. RICE-FALLOWS VARIETIES AND SEED RATE Quantity of seed required kg/ha Varieties Sole crop Mixed crop All varieties 30 - 1.TIME OF SOWING                 Third week of January –Second week of February 2.SOWING OF SEEDS For relay cropping  broadcast the seeds in the standing crop 5 to 10 days before the harvest  of the paddy  crop uniformly under optimum soil moisture conditions so that the seeds should get embedded in the waxy mire. For combined harvesting areas, broadcast the seeds before harvesting the paddy crop with machineries  3. SPRAYING OF DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE , NAA AND SALICYLIC ACID Foliar spray of  NAA 40 mg/litre and Salicylic acid 100 mg/litre once at pre-flowering and another at 15 days thereafter Foliar spray of pulse wonder @ 5 kg/ha once at flowering or DAP 20 g/lt once at flowering and another at 15 days thereafter 4. HARVESTING i) Picking  the matured pods, drying and processing ii) Uprooting or cutting the whole plants ,heaping ,drying and processing Updated on : 04.06.2013